Contracture Definition Examples
Contracture is a medical term that describes the tightening or shortening of a muscle, tendon, or ligament. It can affect any part of the body, including the arms, legs, hands, feet, and neck. Contractures can be caused by a variety of factors such as injury, surgery, immobilization, and neurological conditions.
Contracture Types
There are different types of contractures, including:
1. Joint Contracture
Joint contracture occurs when there is a limited range of motion in a joint due to the shortening of the muscles and tendons around it. This type of contracture can be caused by surgery, injury, or prolonged immobilization.
Examples of joint contractures include frozen shoulder, which is characterized by shoulder pain and stiffness, and knee contracture, which occurs when the knee joint is unable to straighten.
2. Dupuytren`s Contracture
Dupuytren`s contracture is a hand condition in which the fingers become permanently bent towards the palm. This type of contracture is caused by the thickening of the tissue beneath the skin of the palm.
Dupuytren`s contracture is most commonly seen in men over the age of 50, and it can affect one or both hands.
3. Spasticity
Spasticity is a type of contracture that occurs due to neurological conditions such as cerebral palsy, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. It is characterized by stiff, rigid muscles and spasms.
Examples of spasticity include foot drop, which is a condition that causes the foot to drag when walking, and elbow flexion contracture, which occurs when the elbow is unable to straighten.
Contracture Treatment
The treatment for contractures depends on the type and severity of the condition. For joint contractures, physical therapy and stretching exercises may be recommended to improve range of motion. In severe cases, surgery may be required to release the shortened muscles and tendons.
For Dupuytren`s contracture, a procedure called needle aponeurotomy or surgery may be recommended to release the thickened tissue in the palm.
In cases of spasticity, medications such as muscle relaxants and botulinum toxin injections may be used to reduce muscle stiffness and spasms. Physical therapy and stretching exercises may also be recommended to improve mobility.
Conclusion
Contractures can cause pain, stiffness, and limited mobility in affected areas of the body. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of contracture. Treatment options vary depending on the type and severity of the condition, but physical therapy and stretching exercises are often recommended to improve range of motion. With proper treatment, contractures can be managed effectively, allowing individuals to regain mobility and resume daily activities.